8D - The problem solving method

8D is a problem solving method used globally, mainly in manufacturing industry by Quality Engineers and Operations managers. The purpose of 8D problem solving method is to identify, correct and prevent problems affecting customers and operational efficiency.
 
The sense of the Eight Disciplines (8 d) and its implementation - Eight disciplines or abbreviate with 8 problems that are use to identify, correct and avoid recurrence of the problem that has a case. Eight Discipline (8 d) or eight Discipline this would be very useful if we use it for permanent corrective actions base on the problem that occurs it can find the root cause of these problems. Eight Disciplines or 8 basically follow the PDCA cycle (Plan, Do, Check, Action) in the solution and the resolution of a problem.

Problem solving methods 8 d (Eight Discipline) was first introduce by a popular automotive company Ford Motor Company in 1987 through the manual that publish with the title "Team Orient Problem Solving" or abbreviate with TOPS. 8 d is then develop by adding "Planning" or "Plan" before the first Discipline. Ford sets the standard as the global 8 d 8 d so often refer to by the Global 8 d.

The purpose of Ford develop methods Eight Discipline (8 d) is to help with dealing with the problems of safety and quality control.

Problem solving methods 8 the most important industries in the automotive manufacturing industry, Aerospace and Electronics devices.

8 d (Eight Disciplines)

8 points have 9 points, starting from a point D0 (Zero-Discipline) to D8 points (discipline - eighth).

Discipline zero (D-0): Plan (Planning)

Before forming a team for solving problems, the first is plan topic problems, who are need to participate in the team, as well as the time need to plan the use of other resources.

Discipline one (D-1): Build a Team (Formation Team)

Form a Team to solve the problems that occur. The select team members have the expertise and knowledge that can support the resolution, commitment and time and energy.

Two disciplines (D-2): Define and Describe the Problem (Defines and explains the problems).

After the Team was form, explain the problems face with the obvious. In general use, namely: 5W2H method
The World Health Organization (Who)

• What (what)


• Where (In Which)


• When


• Why (why)


• How (How)


• How Many (How)

The three disciplines (D-3): Implement Interim Containment Action (Containment While Applying Action)
The problem is that it does not affect the quality of products and production processes, slow down or avoid impacts will occur at the Subscriber. Generally, the Act of this kind of sorting between goods with defects. Goods or products are more likely to be rework or discard.

Four disciplines (D-4): Root Cause Analysis (analysis of the root causes of the problem)

Identify the causes of the problems and identify them. We can use a tool like the Five Whys (Five Why) and Ishikawa Diagrams (Causal Diagrams) that identify the root cause of the problem.

Basically, the best way to prevent it from being root in the problem and to eliminate it.

The five disciplines (D-5): Corrective Action (corrective action)

Action or corrective action is to eliminate the root causes and problems do not happen again. Corrective action must be document, important information such as individual or group in charge of implementation time and plan should be written clearly. Once apply, the actual time the implementation of corrective actions and results should be record as well.

Generally, a root cause of problems in need of some Remedial Action (Corrective Action).

Six disciplines (D-6): Implement and Validate Corrective Action (implement and Validate corrective actions)

These six disciplines are the best corrective actions to verify the root causes of the problem. If corrective actions were apply not to the root causes of the same or fully still occur problems, then it should return to the Discipline Four (D4) for repeat measures.

Seven Discipline (D-7): Preventive Actions (precautionary measures)

Precaution or Preventive Action is require to prevent the same problems from being repeat again through analysis of potential problems. Potential Problems can be analyze base on the results of the tool call FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis).

Actions that can be taken include changes to the operating system, system management, and almost nothing the same doesn't happen again.

Disciplined Eight (D-8): Congratulate your Team (recognition and rewards team)

After this activity is successful, then the management must give a contribution towards the problem of resolution is concern.