The History Of Management Science

Management science, any application of science to the study of management. Originally a synonym for operations research. It is is a growing business field that can lead to a variety of career paths. To learn more about educational programs and career opportunities. Known as management science evolves continuously to the present. Management science gives us the understanding of approaches or procedures essential in researching, analyzing and solving problems related to the Manager.

Therefore, this issue contains a description of developments (evolution), management theory from time to time. In addition to providing an overview of how the flow of thoughts past expected this paper can contribute to the scope and development of management science.

Introduction

This paper also discusses the occurrence of the development of management science (evolution). Where in the management science put forth there are multiple streams as a shared rationale based on the classic flow, flow management and human relations, the forerunner of modern theories of management evolve constantly with multiple streams others.

As for the classical school of thought known as process and production approach while the flow of more humane relations viewed from the sides how the human resources that are within the organization.

Someone let the managers learn about and understand the overall of developments (evolution) management that has been generate management theories that have emerged from various schools, so that managers can use the most suitable theory to deal with certain situations.

Thus when a manager faced the situation however complex will be able to find a solution or make a good decision.

The development of management science

In the development of the human civilization, divided into three major groups, namely:

1. The study of the faithful/whole symptoms, the shape and existence that closely his relationship with nature, along with its contents and universally have a definite and the same and not separated by time and space, called the science of exact sciences, e.g. physics, chemistry and biology.


2. Science that examines the entire human symptoms and its existence in conjunction on every aspect of life that happens in public life are called social sciences/non exact sciences, such as economics, politics, psychology, sociology, law, administration and others.


3. The science Humanities, a collection of knowledge that is closely related to the arts, such as dance, painting, art, literature and art of noise.
   Science management is one of the disciplines of the social sciences. In the year 1886 Frederick w. Taylor did an experiment on time and motion study theory with a conveyor belt. From this was born the concept of the theory of efficiency and effectiveness.
   
   Then Taylor wrote a book called The Principle of Scientific Management (1911), which is the beginning of the inception of management as a science.

In addition, the management science as a science knowledge has the following characteristics:

1. The existence of a group of men, the group that consists of two or more people.


2. Cooperation of the group performance, but.


3. The existence of a I prose/business activities.


4. Existence of a purpose.

Hereinafter management science is a collection of social scientific disciplines who study and view management as a phenomenon of society.

Where is the phenomenon that a symptom of modem society social that brought changes to the organization?

There are several factors which are able to affect the life of an organization, namely:

1. The pressure of the owner of the company
   2. Technological advances
   3. New rival
   4. The demands of the community
   5. The wisdom of the Government
   6. The influence of the international world

In a typical hard management reality definition because there is no universally accepted management. Mary Parker Follett management as an art defines completing the work through other people. This definition contains the sense that managers achieve the objectives of the organization through the settings of a person to carry out the various tasks that may be performed.

Management can indeed mean it that way, but it can also have more sense than that. So in fact there is no definition that is used consistently by everyone. Stoner suggests a more complex definition that is as follows:

Process planning

"Management is a process planning, organizing, guidance and supervision, the efforts of the members of the Organization and the use of sources of other organizations and resources can be predetermined objectives of the Organization".

From definition above seen that Stoner has used the word "process", not "art". Defines management as "art" has meaning that it is the ability or skill. While a "process" is a systematic way to do jobs. Management is considered as a process because of all managers without having special skills or attention, it should carry out activities that are inter-related in the achievement of the desired goals.

Based on the description above, it was concluded that management is basically a partnership with people to define, interpret and achieve the goals of the organization with the implementation of the functions of the planning ( Planning), organizing (organizing), direction (actuating), and control (controlling).