The management of the whole process of project implementation is called project management. for project management, the essence lies in control, that is, the focus on the progress of construction projects, quality, cost, safety, site management control.
The basis of control lies in the scientific and reliable statistical work done on engineering projects. using scientific statistical methods, for the collection, collation, screening and analysis of relevant information, according to its dynamic changes, find out the causes of deviation, resulting in decisions and conclusions of practical guiding significance for engineering projects, timely take effective or modified the original plan of the comprehensive management process.
The factors affecting the project are a variety of factors, if you do not try to do a lot of statistical work, it will lead to things to the end, no alertness, where the hidden dangers are not clear, how to control no detailed, targeted measures and programs, can only rely on patting the brain door, patting the chest, patting the buttocks to solve. how to talk about scientific decision-making and efficient management of the numerous projects (i.e., the large amount of information and conclusions obtained by scientific statistical work) in the mind of engineering projects.
As a tool to reflect the construction, production activities, completion plan and information feedback of the project, the project statistics work plays a great role, not only reflects the production indicators, but also reflects the economic indicators, is the basis of economic accounting, is an important index to measure the production capacity of enterprises, and enterprise statistics is an important part of national economic statistics, is the basis of national infrastructure statistics, must be timely and accurate, statistical work in engineering project management is done to the following points (no mathematical theory discussion is done here):
The organizational system
to do a good job in statistics, we must have a perfect and efficient operation and management system. after taking into account the various influencing factors, and the information and resources needed to get the job done, choose an organizational scenario. on the basis of a comprehensive grasp, it is important to understand the necessary details to minimize the unknown. checkpoints are set up at key points, enabling managers to monitor, detect problems in a timely manner, and respond quickly to anomalies. that is, based on the scope of work, the establishment of project engineering management baseline, further assigned to all levels of work breakdown, and finally the establishment of project engineering management communication network. identify team members with unique job skills that make them difficult to replace, or have other responsibilities to refine the division of labor among members. non-traditional forms of structural segmentation often provide us with choices that a higher-level branch diagram cannot see.
statistical work is a large and complex system engineering, involving technology, materials, machinery and equipment, finance, labor, budget and other different departments and professions. in order to meet the needs of dynamic management, enterprises must set up a special working organization, its composition should be based on multi-professional combination, expert-oriented, senior, intermediate and junior titles of technical personnel reasonable combination of the principle, the composition of personnel must have a wealth of on-site construction management experience, but also pay attention to maintain the relative stability of personnel to ensure the continuity of statistical work, consistency.
The information processing system
The collection, collation, analysis, decision-making, feedback, adjustment and improvement of statistical information meet the spiral evolutionary pattern. scientific analysis, active correction, continuous improvement, optimization of decision-making, the aim is to get more superior conclusions. statistics are not simply listed data, radish, cabbage spoonfuls, like dots connected to the line, to organic combination, otherwise it is just full of paper graffiti, meaningless. nor are they simple techniques and techniques, and mathematical techniques tend to give the wrong impression of accuracy and reliability. everything must be based on scientific analysis, otherwise the people engaged in statistical work will be like fortune teller, catch the wind and shadow.
Take risk management as an example to explain the statistical information processing system: 1, may affect the project risk factor collection - risk identification and definition. 2, to deal with the influencing factors, find the cause of deviation, evaluate the interaction of risk and risk, assess possible consequences - risk measurement assessment. 3, develop steps to grasp the plan and approach to responding to threats, including the development of specific response options and action boundaries - risk analysis and response planning. 4, track the impact of risk and risk, track the impact of the preparation and implementation of mitigation plans, use feedback information to correct the original statistical factors - risk improvement, control. 5, the use of existing conclusions, looking for new risks - the development of optimization programs.
common methods:
1, sampling survey statistics. sample survey statistics include sampling a portion of the population for testing (for example, 10 randomly selected from a list of 75 design drawings). proper sampling often reduces quality control costs. there is a great deal of written information and provisions on sample survey statistics. in some applications, familiarity with various sampling techniques is necessary for the project statistical management team.
2, the control table is based on the time-lapse of the program run results of a chart display. often used to determine whether a program is "in control" (for example, is the difference in the results of a program run due to random variables?). is it necessary to identify and correct the cause of an emergency? ）。 when a program is under control, it should not be adjusted. this program may change for improvement, but as long as it is under control, it should not be artificially adjusted. control tables can be used to monitor the output of various types of variables. although control tables are often used to track repetitive activities, such as production transactions, they can also be used to monitor changes in cost and schedule, frequency of changes in capacity and scope, errors in project files, or other management results to determine whether the project management program is under control.
3, arrange the graph. an arrangement chart is a histogram organized by the frequency of events to show how much of the results are due to the various types of causes that have been determined. the hierarchical sequence is used to guide error correction actions -- the project team should first take steps to address the issues that cause the most defects.
4, flowchart. the use of flowcharts in statistical work can help analyze how problems occur.
5, trend analysis. trend analysis refers to the use of digital techniques to predict future products based on past results. trend analysis is often used to monitor: technical performance - how many errors and deficiencies have been identified, and how many remain uncorrected. cost and schedule performance - there is a significant change in the number of activities completed at each stage.
1, the workers' understanding of the importance of the accumulation of engineering project statistics creates a good atmosphere within the enterprise.
2, the enterprise engaged in statistical work personnel to carry out regular assessment, the establishment of a licensed induction system. the timely provision of relevant projects or regional statistics and the quality of information should be an important part of the assessment.
3, enterprises should provide financial guarantee for the accumulation of information. the collection of information is a long-term process, which requires a certain amount of human, material and financial resources, without a certain amount of financial guarantee, it is difficult to carry out long-term work.
4, the statistical accumulation of project information should be centralized management and hierarchical division of responsibility system.
The database processing system
The causes of the deviation, the reasons for taking corrective action and other control lessons should be documented so that they become part of the project and the implementation organization's historical database of other projects. historical information on the situation of several previous projects is particularly helpful in identifying the potential risks of current projects. such historical information is often available from the following sources: 1. project information documents - one or more organizations involved in a project tend to keep records of past projects that are detailed enough to assist in risk identification. in fact, some team members keep such records. 2. business data -- in many applications we can obtain historical information about business. 3, the project team's empirical knowledge - project team members will remember the output and consumption of previous projects. of course, the information collected in this way may be useful, but it is less reliable than the information recorded in the form of documentation.
Enterprises should actively develop the computer management system of engineering project statistics work, and realize the goal of automation, rapidization and scientific decision-making of engineering project statistics management. taking the simulation method to reflect the superiority of the electronic database processing system as an example, the simulation method uses the hypothetical value or system model to analyze the system behavior or system performance.
The more common simulation model is to use the project model as the project framework to make the project schedule. most simulation project schedules are based on some form of "montero" analysis. this technique is often used by global management to "preview" projects several times to arrive at statistical scores for the results of calculations. montero analysis and other forms of simulation may also be used to estimate the extent of possible changes in project costs. because of the organic combination of empirical knowledge, theoretical knowledge, data information and computer technology, the organic combination of decision-making, research department and information information department, and the deficiency of single subject knowledge and single functional department research project risk management, thus exerting the overall advantages and comprehensive advantages of the cognitive system, which will certainly provide a scientific basis for managing the risks of major engineering projects.
Statistical knowledge and application have been everywhere for years. on the astronomical, release geography, the world changes, the people's food and clothing, all closely related to it. start with a knotted note to accommodate for the ultimate purpose. what determines the market for a modern, developed business economy? market research can not be separated from statistical work.
Modern engineering relies on estimates, estimates, budgets and other project quotas, how to set quotas? statistics are inseparable. how to develop various product quality standards, to avoid non-conforming products and excess quality, but also inseparable from statistical work. there are engineering experiments and so on, are inseparable from statistical work. today's era is called the information age, knowledge explosion era, in the face of endless new ideas, new theories, how to understand, to accept, without being confused, to do with history as a warning and warning, to falsely save the truth, the former car, the teacher, all this comes from the statistical work of in-depth understanding and mastery, but also to understand, innovation and improve.
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