Any competition of research projects involves not only the presentation of its project, but also its correct design. In order to have a chance of success, it is important to take seriously and responsibly the procedure for registration of the results obtained.
Innovative projects
In the modern economy, almost all firms use project activities. This allows companies to take part in tenders and competitions, to receive money for the implementation of their ideas.
An innovative research project is a form of targeted management of the company's activities in modern conditions.
In order to achieve the set goals, the project should think through a system of activities and decisions interrelated in terms of resources, deadlines, and executors. When implementing innovative activities, a separate project is selected for each process. It is a system consisting of many solutions in individual areas:
- • technical;
- • scientific;
- • production;
- • financial;
- • marketing;
- • management
Sections of the innovative project
Since it can be considered a business project, standard sections are distinguished:
- • description;
- • characteristics of the company;
- • product description;
- • features of marketing research;
- • production project;
- • specifics of sales;
- • financial calculations
The development of a research project involves a long and serious work. It is aimed at solving urgent practical and theoretical problems that have national economic, socio-cultural, as well as political significance. A distinctive feature of the research project is the relevance and novelty of the goal, the realism of the tasks set.
Components
A research project has several parts that predetermine the stages of work. The first stage involves the formulation and substantiation of a scientific topic, conducting preliminary theoretical research. It is at this stage that the costs of the work are estimated, as well as the estimated efficiency is calculated.
At this stage, the research project includes:
- Explanation of the relevance of the selected topic.
- Study of scientific literature, indication of discoveries and achievements that are used to solve applied problems.
- Setting goals, objectives, expected results.
- An overview of the results that are available in the analyzed area.
- Selection of research methodology.
- Drawing up an action plan.
- Selection of equipment, materials, tools.
- Making an estimate.
- Assessment of the expected economic effect.
- Thinking through applications
The research project involves a technical and economic justification, which is approved by the head of the organization.
Further, material resources are allocated for the implementation of scientific research. Thus, the research project moves to the second stage. Methodological guidelines for the practical part are created and thought out, where clear goals and objectives of the project are determined, plans and methods are detailed and clarified, material and technical issues are worked out, standardization and metrology are discussed.
At the third stage, the project of research work involves the implementation of research, as well as the discussion of the results obtained in the process of work. In its course, they confirm either refute the hypothesis put forward, or clarify the theoretical points. Further, production and technical conclusions are formulated, the final part of the project is drawn up. The obtained results are applied at the development phase to obtain a technical innovative project. The project is one of the most common forms of work used in modern production.
Technical project
Consider what characterizes the research project. The topics are selected by the author himself so that they are of practical interest, that is, they are relevant.
Its logical scheme is similar to innovative developments. State research institutes oversee such research.
The first stage involves setting the design goal, identifying the main structural, operational, economic indicators.
International research projects are related to the terms of reference. Participation in them is taken by a marketer, innovation manager, designer, constructor.
At the next stage, there is a selection of options for the structural and functional scheme of the created product, checking its uniqueness. To achieve the desired result, the participation of a process engineer is mandatory.
Upon completion of this stage, a technical proposal is created, including records with economic and technical calculations, a product quality map, functional and structural schemes, statements, a patent form.
Setting scientific goals allows you to create a technical product on the basis of which research will be carried out.
Important points
The terms of reference and the proposal are based on the needs of the market obtained as a result of marketing research. They determine the composition of the value, consumer, functional properties of the technical object being created.
The scientific supervisor of the project determines the goals and objectives of the work, he is also responsible for drawing up a plan for follow-up activities.
At the initial stages of design, it is important to choose the best methods and means for the implementation of the project.
Next, the question of the selection of structural fundamental solutions of the created product is solved: composition, layout, schemes. Scientific literature on the subject of the project is used to conduct economic calculations.
For design works, the specificity of which is a creative approach, it is allowed to depart from classical scientific approaches, the use of innovative methods.
School design
After the introduction of second-generation standards into the state educational system, research and project activities became mandatory at all levels of education. The supervisor, in the role of which the teacher acts, helps the project team to determine the subject of the work, to select the goals and objectives, to put forward a hypothesis, to choose a methodology for conducting experiments on the research issue. Particular attention in school projects is paid to compliance with safety precautions during experiments, which is important for environmental and chemical programs.
The scientific literature chosen for review should not be outdated, as this will reduce the efficiency and quality of the work being created.
Project option
We offer a version of the project, involving the cultivation of cranberries in the backyard. In many European countries, as well as in the United States of America, there have long been huge areas allocated for the cultivation of cranberries. In addition, in America, this berry is grown in gardens. The Americans have bred about 200 varieties of cranberries, the berries reach the size of cherries. In the United States, about 11,000 hectares of land have been allocated for cranberry planting. The Americans managed to develop a mechanized technology for growing cranberries. In USA, the first plantations appeared in, there is no such information about the interim results of the project.
On the territory of the Arkhangelsk region (as of 2014) there is no enterprise engaged in the cultivation of cranberries. The main reason is the lack of an investor (an expensive project), as well as the reluctance of businessmen to work with "seasonal products". In the future, it is planned to implement a project to create a cranberry enterprise ( district), but currently there is no detailed information on the state of the project.
Technology of growing cranberries
To grow cranberries of the "stevens" variety, you will need a well-lit plot of land. Planting of cranberries is carried out in the spring in late April - early May, as well as in the autumn - in October. First, a trench is dug with a depth of 30 cm, a width of 1 m, its walls are strengthened with slate or boards. Cranberries are a moisture-loving berry, but high humidity negatively affects its development and growth. It is recommended to plant cranberries in those areas of the soil where the groundwater level is at a height of 30-35 cm With a lower placement of groundwater, additional watering will be required to obtain a full-fledged cranberry crop. Previously, the soil area on which cranberry planting is planned is freed from weeds, loosened, moistened, a small amount of river sand is introduced into the soil. The plot should be sunny, trees and shrubs can grow along the edges to protect the plantation from the wind.
Cranberry shoots are stored in wet sphagnum moss or water for 10-15 days before planting. Cut them on the day of planting or the day before it. Before planting cranberries, double superphosphate is introduced into the soil (at the rate of 14 g per 1 square meter).
After that, seedlings of cranberries "stevens" are planted. Plant with a pointed peg to such a depth that the seedlings protrude above the surface no more than 2-3 cm.
Cranberry seedlings are placed on the bed according to the scheme of 25 x 25 cm or less often, the shoots are straightened along the plot (too long are sprinkled with earth in 1-2 places), and then watered. It is necessary to moisten the soil daily after planting for 1 week. For the winter in the first year of planting, the plantation must be covered with pawpaw or mulched with sand, fruiting cranberries should not be covered.
Business plan
In the domestic market of the USAn Federation (NWFD) there are almost no analogues of this project, so competition will be minimal.
To start production, you do not need expensive equipment, there is no need to hire workers, which minimizes the cost of implementing the project.
The demand for cranberries is consistently high, it is purchased in large volumes by food industry enterprises for the manufacture of ice cream, yogurt, in confectionery shops for baking cakes, cakes. The sale of grown berries through retail outlets of the city and the district is also quite available.
The main obstacle of our project is the lack of investment, the need for a one-time investment of funds, the duration of the project. The risk of the project consists in the deterioration of weather conditions (the project involves the receipt of seasonal profits), as well as in the instability of the economy.
In addition, you need to take into account the fact that the project will not pay off immediately, so many entrepreneurs do not consider it as a source of profitable investment of funds.
For the implementation of the project, cranberries of the Stevens variety were chosen. It is frost-resistant, suitable for the harsh climatic conditions of our region, ripens in September. Cranberries of the variety "stevens" are characterized by large berries, the weight of which reaches 3 grams. Yield per 1 m2 is - 1.5 kg. The fruiting period of cranberries occurs in the third year after its planting. To care for the planted seedlings, it is necessary to periodically weed weed, apply mineral fertilizers, as well as carry out watering and additional mulching of the soil.
In the first three years, when there is an intensive increase in the vegetative mass of plants, nitrogen fertilizers are used to a greater extent. At the next stage (after 3-4 years), when the plant begins to fully bear fruit, the amount of nitrogen is reduced and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used to a greater extent. Cranberries are a long-lasting plant. With proper agricultural techniques, it can bear fruit for more than 50 years.
Land plot for rent - 10 m2 (calculated for 1 month): 0.02 Dollars per 1 m2. The calculation of rent is carried out on the basis of basic rental rates and specific coefficients approved by the Government of the region.
The total cost of rent will be 2.40 Dollars per year (0.20 Dollars per month), but it is worth noting that the rent will increase annually due to an increase in the size of the land plot.
Conclusions on the project
- The average payback of the project will significantly reduce financial risks (lowering the cost of production or reducing demand).
- The commissioning of this project will be a source of replenishment of the local and federal budgets.
- Due to the lack of competition, problems with the sale of products should not arise, therefore, in addition to the sale of cranberries and seedlings in the domestic market, it is possible to consider the issue of the company's entry into the international market.
Establishment of the release of cranberries in sugar in individual packages with advertising information (at the request of the customer).
When entering the industrial scale - the creation of jobs. For one hectare of cranberry plantation, 140 thousand cuttings will be required, the yield will be more than 10 tons. For soil cultivation, design, planting material, payment to workers, equipment will require about 1.8 million Dollars. When selling berries at a minimum price of 40 Dollars per kilogram, the income will be (in 3-4 years) more than 350 thousand Dollars.
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