Requirements definition is an essential step in system development.
this article explains what requirement definition is, how to proceed with requirement definition, and how to write deliverables.
if you have the opportunity to participate in a system development project or aspire to become an it industry, please read this article to deepen your knowledge of requirements definition and help you proceed smoothly.
what is a requirement definition?
first, let's take a start with what requirement definition is.
the requirement definition is a summary of the client's request and how to fulfill that request.
requirements definition is key to project success
projects, for example, are in waterfall development, → requirements definition → design→ manufacturing and testing, and implementation.
it's fair to say that if you can't define requirements, you won't start your project. during the requirements definition phase, we will listen to and pull out the features that the client wants to implement.
if you do not conduct a hearing survey, we will not be able to meet the client's request. you need to create a business flow based on the requirements definition and proceed while checking for discrepancies in the client's perception.
the developer determines whether the feature is feasible for requests from the client. it is a phase that decides the function to be installed, but if you spend too much time at this stage, the design, manufacturing, and testing process will be pressed.
the input process is also important
many of the requests from clients to implement new features are improvements to existing systems, so you must first investigate the current state of the client and the existing system as a preparation for starting the project.
If you want to see your current business flow, ask them to review it in writing, such asrfp (request for proposal).
if not in writing, we will organize the investigation methods by hearing from system maintenance personnel and clients. this process is called input.
deliverables are requirement definitions
the final deliverable of a requirement definition is a document called a requirement definition document .
a requirement definition is written by the developer in order to submit organized information to the client, such as the functions to be implemented.
since it is a document to be submitted before the actual development of the system, it is required to fill in as much detail as possible about the features to be implemented.
the purpose of creation is a description to the client. therefore, it is necessary to write it so that it is easy to understand even for people who do not have specialized knowledge of the plan of system development.
the content of the document will be in consultation with the client and agreed upon by the client to meet the client's request.
by continuing to discuss the contents in detail with the client, you can avoid spouting dissatisfaction such as "it is different from the function you imagined" after implementation. therefore, there are many cases where requirements definition books are content that makes use of the specialized knowledge and experience of the development side.
required items to be included in the requirement definition document
this section describes the minimum items that must be included in the requirements definition document. also check the differences between functional and nonfunctional requirements.
system-related items
the key to the requirements definition statement is the system.com. let's explain to the client in detail what kind of system they plan to implement.
1. system overview
learn what features the system is. business requirements are created from the end user's perspective, and system requirements are created from an engineer's perspective.
for example, let's say you have a request to implement a feature that allows you to "purchase products" on your site. in that case, the business requirement is "product purchase", and the system requirement mentions items such as "put the product in the cart".
2. purpose of introducing the system
learn what you can do with a feature.
3.business flow after system introduction
learn how the business flow changes when you actually deploy the system. for example, if you fulfill your request to introduce an automatic change machine, if you actually introduce an automatic change machine, the method of cash register punching will change from before. describe these business changes.
functional requirements items
functional requirements are the features that a client is looking for.
it describes what you can do by implementing the system. it's also the goal of the project, so se can clearly understand the goal of the project.
specifically, it describes the type and structure of data and systems, and what the system can process.
functional requirements are defined early in the requirements definition. if the client does not have an image of the finished form, you will be conducting repeated interviews to find functional requirements.
you also need to wash items as you calculate them to fit within your client's budget.
nonfunctional requirements items
nonfunctional requirements are nonfunctional requirements that a client requires outside of functionality.
describe system performance and efficiency, security, maintenance and operation services, and more. this, like functional requirements, is the goal of building a system.
nonfunctional requirements should be interviewed early in the requirements definition. however, clients often do not imagine nonfunctional requirements, and the se side must move to meet the requirements. therefore, nonfunctional requirements are more difficult than functional requirements.
nonfunctional requirements are determined only after the functional requirements are clearly defined. as soon as functional requirements are determined, nonfunctional requirements will be interviewed and detailed discussions with clients are required.
a smooth requirement definition approach, this section describes the techniques required to make requirements define smoother.
learn about existing business flows and systems
the client's desire to fulfill the project is truly various. there are challenges in the current systems and business flows, and many of them want to solve the problems they face.
during the requirements definition phase, you need to know what flows are currently in use and which systems are already in use. you know which part of the problem is and how it needs to be solved.
in some cases, the system is not operated according to the design. in other words, in order to set the requirements definition in more detail, you must also interview with maintenance personnel and system stakeholders.
this phase tends to be time consuming and costly, but in order to avoid as much effort as possible to define requirements, you need to understand the problem and come up with a solution.
match requirement and requirement definitions
a request definition is a document that summarizes the issues that the client wants to solve and the requirements for the system that they want to deploy. requirement definitions are based on requirements definitions.
therefore, it is important to read the request definition book to match whether the requirement definition is the one that fulfilled the client's request.
alignment is necessary to reduce improvement and rework man-hours in later phases, such as manufacturing and testing. especially in waterfall development, rework can be a significant time loss, so you want to be careful when aligning.
in addition, discuss the two documents and discuss them so that both the client and se are convinced.
create and share a careful requirement definition
to match the client's needs with the features that can be implemented, create a requirement definition document that is as detailed as possible. i would like to establish a forum for consultations and share them one by one to confirm that there are any discrepancies in recognition.
however, it is difficult to make meetings many times because it is convenient for the other side. think about the minimum number of meetings required.
it is essential to create a requirement definition that allows the final deliverable to be imaged and to obtain agreement among stakeholders. actions to obtain an agreement have a role to prevent them from leading to complaints later.
if the deliverables are imaginable, it is easy for the client to understand the requirements definition.
keep the person in charge clear
make sure you have a clear decision on who will be responsible for your project. if you leave it ambiguous, there is a possibility that there will be more tasks that you do not need to do later. if the number of unnecessary tasks increases, the progress of the work that should be done may be hindered.
there are many cases where the development side such as se takes over and work even if the client side has to do the work. for example, organizing current operations and developing a vision for the future is a job that clients would have to do.
make the division of roles clear and try to make there no work that the person in charge is not clearly defined. with the right people in charge for all tasks, there's no chance of straining effort with unnecessary work.
requirements definition requirements requirements, this section describes the prerequisites of the good requirements definition document. let's talk from two main perspectives.
understand without expertise
a good requirement definition contains text that makes it easier for clients who actually use the system to understand. clients are often poorly specialized in it.
therefore, don't use it jargon and expertise as much as possible in writing. if you don't understand the contents of the document, you will not be able to imagine the finish, and the client's distrust will increase.
it is necessary to be careful whether it is easy to understand even if anyone reads it.
- a solution to the problem is provided.
- the ultimate goal of requirement definition is not just to summarize requests from clients. in addition to determining what the client is looking for, you need to include a sentence that is the "answer" to how to fulfill that request.
clients will also be able to understand what se will take. writing the answer, the requirement definition is considered complete for the first time.
Summary
Requirements definition begins with the start of the project. identify current issues in interview surveys, etc., and create documents using words that are easy for clients to understand.
if you describe how to solve the problem, you can create a "good requirements definition" and the project will proceed smoothly. to do this, remember to clearly assign task personnel.
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