Project management is a purposeful activity of organizing people aimed at obtaining a successful project result in the most effective way. The history of the formation of project management methods you can see in our wonderful info graphic. The basics of project management we described in this article Basics of project management
The project team is one of the components of the successful implementation of projects, but sometimes it happens that it can fall into traps. To analyze the pitfalls for the project team, read the article.
Methods of project implementation. If you are new to the field of project administration, then a large number of available ways to implement a project in this area can drive you crazy.
In order for you to better navigate and choose the right way to implement your project, we will talk about the 16 most common methods of project management. All the methods presented below are sorted only alphabetically, the application of certain principles of project management largely depends on the specifics of a particular project, it is difficult to say which project management methodology is the best, but we will try to tell you about all the known ones. Some of them can be compared with a rocket, some are conservative, others can hardly be called methods at all. A detailed description of each project management methodology can be found by clicking on the title. (See also our consulting services)
So, modern methods of project management:
1. Adaptive Project Framework, abbreviated as APF – Using adjustable (adaptive) project frameworks
Contributes to project improvement at every step of implementation, thanks to the experience gained earlier. By setting project goals and continuously monitoring workflows, the manager ensures the success of the marginal price and creates value for the future client.
2. Benefit Realization (BF)Objective: Benefit from the implementation of the project
The methodology is aimed at obtaining the required profit. If you want to increase sales CRM, the project is considered completed until the volume of sales increases by 15%. This condition is also true in the case of establishing and establishing CRM in the right time within the framework of the regulated budget amount.
3. AGILE – flexible methodology of project management
AGILE requires the ability to instantly adapt to changes, monitor current directions of promotion, receiving benefits. Human resources play an important role. For this reason, you need to be able to organize an active project team, the relationship in which is based on flexibility and cooperation, the search for compromises.
Stakeholders in this methodology are stakeholders who monitor and verify the project at every step of its implementation. At the same time, participants make timely adjustments, forming high-quality products or services that fully meet consumer wishes.
This method of project implementation is gaining popularity among project managers. See also the comparison of waterfall and agile planning method Agile methodology
4. Project management using a critical circuit
Eliminates any delays or variances during design implementation by assigning a whole-critical path, setting the number of resources to complete the work.
The formation of graphs is carried out taking into account resource availability. It is possible to increase the duration of execution, but the probability of breaking the dates of the main milestones is likely to be reduced.
The methodology is based on the creation of key critical tasks, the retention of their deadlines, the final date of project completion. Logical links are built between critical works, taking into account possible limitations of reserve or other funds. The unlimited nature of the latter makes the calculation parameters similar to PERT.
If resources are insufficient, you should install near-critical workflows. Often they move parallel to the key chain, having short terms. Such scenarios of development, without due attention, can turn into crisis ones. It is also necessary to establish a critical chain establishing relationships between milestones.
5. Critical Path Method abbreviated as CPM – A fairly common critical path method
The use of this methodology has been widely used in the field of construction. The main characteristic of this system of control and coordination of work on the project is a clearly defined project route, formed by the longest working processes. The critical path sets the deadline for the implementation of the entire project as a whole. By setting the most important tasks, you can determine the deadlines for completion, assess the main stages and project results of milestones. Moreover, having calculated the duration and planned all the main works, it is worth seeing the correctness of the schedule based on logic. In the Gantt chart, they are mainly highlighted in red, signaling the importance of stages and individual operations.
Any deviation from the planned dates for the work of the full-critical path leads to an increase in the duration of further work operations. If you want to reduce the total duration of the project, you need to reduce critical tasks.
This methodology facilitates daily comparison of planned and actual parameters.
Planning steps when using a critical path:
– goals, limitations;
– the period of time required for the production process;
– construction of a network graphic image;
– formation of a diagram description.
6. Event modeling.
Project management methods with prototyping of macro events are aimed at identifying and predicting hazards. Conducting a project analysis using the Monte Carlo methodology and the plan of the event chain in the form of a diagram allows you to establish the possibility of certain hazards, the level of their influence on the project implementation.
A visual representation of the interrelations of surrounding phenomena and design work contributes to the formation of a plan, which is extremely reflected in reality.
7. Extreme Programming — Extreme Programming (XP)
XP-Methods of project management involve close and partnership relationships with stakeholders, frequent releases, demonstrates special features of small development cycles. In the course of implementing these management principles in practice, groups concentrate on partnership and the effectiveness of their activities, the formation of elementary codes to obtain the desired quality, preventing exhaustion and obtaining negative results. The project does not have a clearly articulated ultimate mission. The goal is defined as the project progresses. You can make a comparison with a guided missile. First stage: It is launched, it does not yet know where it will fly and what trajectory to choose. The most important thing is to launch. The target for this projectile is selected during the flight. The second stage: the direction of the missile is coordinated and priorities are gradually outlined. There can be many stages of adjustment. The principle applies not only to programming, but also to many USA projects.
8. KANBAN
The key goal is a process aimed at producing a slow and constant flow of results in the course of continuous work in order to visually display them and identify problems in production. Understanding the cause of downtime and wasting time allows you to quickly increase productivity.
9. LEAN or lean manufacturing
The methodology faces a special task, consisting in the formation of high-level values and the organization of a qualitative approach to implementation while minimizing all resources.
The method is aimed at reducing losses, eliminating the so-called bottlenecks, focusing on consumer value orientations and continuously improving the production process.
The use of Lean will significantly reduce costs, quickly perform work on schedule, achieve the necessary results with minimal participation of both internal and involved employees.
10. Lean Manufacturing and 6 Sigma
A significant improvement in the production method of organizing actions is facilitated by combining the effectiveness of the Lean methodology with 6 sigma. Having established ways to implement the project in reality, project team members eliminate losses and concentrate on the formation of an unsurpassed result (final consumer value).
11. PRINCE (projects in a controlled environment)
The methodology guarantees that any project is justified and aimed at creating special value. Planning begins by clearly establishing consumer desires, the benefits received and correctly assessing costs and resources.
12. PRISM (projects with built-in sustainable/viable methods)
Combining planning with the sustainability of activities from an environmental point of view. Reduction of energy costs, rational use of costs with minimization of the impact of the enterprise on the external environment. PRISM is ideal for those who want to move along the "green" road.
13. PBPM Process-oriented project management
Guarantees the focus of the project on strict observance of the mission of the organization. Before launching a project, it is mandatory to check for compliance with all strategic plans of the organization.
With negative results, the strategic vision of the company and the set goals are adjusted. Such methods of project management have proven themselves in the implementation of projects in the field of reorganization and administration in the company.
14. SCRUM
The primary aspect in the implementation of the methodology is given to productivity, cooperation and concentration, which allows you to achieve a high-quality result in a short time interval, quickly adapting to changes.
Work in a group occurs in the so-called jerks, due to which the utmost efficiency is achieved. You can also quickly experience a new iteration, instantly fixing errors.
15. SIX SIGMA
Improve product quality and performance while reducing errors and deficiencies. "6 sigma" indicates that more than 99% of the manufactured product is defect-free. When performing a review of overall work operations, it is likely that possible improvements or adjustments will be found before flaws occur.
16. Waterfall — Flow method of planning (waterfall model)
The principle of project management according to the waterfall planning model implies the division of the workflow into several alternate tasks with certain tasks, the end of one (or chain) task is usually the achieved milestone or the key event of the project. Participants perform tasks in a regimented sequence, before starting a new task, they complete the previous one. Detailed planning indicates a detailed graphic scheme and budget size. Types of graphs used in project management using cascading methodology — caslendar-network diagrams of projects (Gantt charts)
Project management methods have positive and negative sides, the choice of method and application depend on the expectations of the client, the type and content of the project.
The involvement of consulting firms in the process often significantly increases the chances of successful implementation of the project.
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