Shows some methods used to prepare a solution for the implementation of the project.
Cost comparison
Using the cost comparison method compare the costs of different sketches for the implementation of the project in order to make decisions based on the lowest costs at the same quality as required or the expected results of project work.
Consider this method using the following example: When you need to create new software for a network of computers from large international companies, various companies in the specialty of programming offer their projects and add a cost plan for the implementation of the project task. To make a decision, compare the planned costs according to the proposed sketches of different firms. For example, show the cost plan of one of the proposed projects.
Comparing the different proposals of firms wishing to receive an order for the implementation of the project, you can choose the offer with the lowest costs.
State organizations use this method to carry out projects for the construction, repair of premises or re-equipment of office premises with new equipment. Many construction projects finance investment funds. Implementation of public and private projects is carried out through tenders. For large projects, consortium from several specialized firms are being created. Interested firms or consortia should be informed about the conditions and necessary qualities if they want to participate in the implementation of the project and offer the project customer their own version of the costs of the project.
Analysis: costs and benefits
According to this method, the costs of the old method are analyzed and compared before the start of the project with the expected benefit from the project results, taking into account the costs of project work.
This method can be shown using the following example: The construction company wants to apply a new method of taking into account all remittances of payment for its services with customers. Previously, the company processed all money transfers using its own accounting. It is proposed to transfer the calculations of all transfers to a specialized company. But before making a decision on a new method of calculating translations, the management of the construction company wants to know what the benefits of changes from the implementation of the project. It is necessary to compare costs by the old method and costs according to the new method, taking into account the costs for project work. This comparison is shown in Table 11.
On the basis of such calculation.
The following solution is proposed: the implementation of the project has a beneficial effect on the economic situation of the construction company.
Comparison: benefits and errors
use this method assesses the benefits and disadvantages of the project results. As an example, consider this situation. A project is planned, as a result of which all employees receive computers on their desktops and must radically change their methods of work.
Comparison of benefits and disadvantages requires two stages of implementation:
1. It is necessary to find out by factors all possible benefits and disadvantages from project results.
2. All factors should be evaluated by their importance (by value or their consequences) by the following estimates:
-- very important consequences = 3
-- important consequences = 2
-- insignificant = 1Tablytsya
Gives an exemplary list of factors that affect positively or negatively the implementation of the project results.
As a result of the comparison of factors, it can be recommended which decision to make regarding the implementation of the project. Factors with profitable consequences, have an advantage over the factors of negative impact (manifestation of drugs).
Decision-making tree
This decision tree can determine the possibility of success of various alternative projects or the option of implementing one project. The decision selection tree belongs to the models that are presented in graphic form - they depict its various "branches" as branching directions. By studying different directions - "branches" - you can determine which of them has the greatest chance of success. First, it is necessary to determine the main criteria for success or evaluation of the result of the proposed project. These criteria include: the time of the task, the use of a smaller amount of material, cost reduction. The principle of such a tree is shown in scheme 23.
According to option B, experts have determined the possibility of what result to follow
On this basis, you can distribute the possibilities of different success according to the cost criteria (according to the plan or overspending). On this basis, the customer of the project has the opportunity to decide which criteria to evaluate positively and which negatively. In our example, the options can be as follows:
-- The possibility of a positive result: 9 + 21 + 15 = 4 5%
-- The possibility of a negative result: 35 + 6 + 14 = 55%
In our example, decisions are made: postpone the project.
The choice among firms participating on a competitive basis to receive an order for the implementation of the project National and international organizations have within their budget a clear idea of the purpose of the project. On a competitive basis, specialized firms can receive funding for the project. One variant of the process of selecting interested firms is as follows (Scheme 24 on the basis of the selection process for the projects of the Taeb-Temro US program of the European Union for Eastern Europe):
Within the framework of such projects, interested partners can determine the content of the project themselves. Financiers only check the compliance of the content of the proposed project with certain priorities that the financier has determined in advance. According to the method of comparing costs by this method, the quality of the content is compared according to certain criteria.
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