Although the duration of project assignments is usually calculated, this can cause an increase in some types of behavior. Critical project management chain and scheduling eliminate these types of behaviors and reduce project timelines.
Four types of behaviors increase the duration of the project.
- Intentional extension.
- When doing work, people usually receive roughly calculated tasks from different levels of leadership. Because managers feel the need to protect their own work, in many organizations task assessment is not perceived as such – it is rather an obligation. People don't want to be late with commitments, so they increase the time to complete tasks.
- Student syndrome.
Student syndrome is a term that characterizes the psychology of delaying execution. Many students are prone to this. An analogy is made with students who are preparing for the test. When do they learn the material? The night before the test. Why? Because they're doing more interesting things. Often people take up work too late, using the allotted time for other things, thinking that they have enough time to complete the task on time. Then, when they get started, they face problems that take longer than the initial stretched time estimate. Student syndrome causes an increasing duration due to the fact that the time required to solve problems is lost, since the work began too late or even just in time. Also, because of Murphy's law, the task may take longer to complete.
Murphy's law actually represents two things: changing a process based on general and special causes. The two types of change do not differ in the text, but the implementation should occur differently. A common cause of change can be anticipated and adjusted using a critical path-based project management approach. A special reason for the changes can be carried out separately during the risk analysis process.
Poor versatility.
Multi functionality occurs when one person is working on one or more tasks at the same time. There are two types of multi functionality: positive and negative. Positive multi functionality successfully advances two or more tasks. For example, you can answer a customer's calls by leading a meeting. On the other hand, poor versatility interferes with the execution of tasks. Throw away work on one task before you finish, to start the next, only to stop and start another, or to go back to the previous one? People are unable to complete a task without being distracted by something, so the time increases every time there is a change of occupations. Most of the time to complete a task is not used for the work itself, but is spent waiting or downtime. Tasks that are ready for development cannot be run because there are no resources available. If the score is too high, the actual time increases at run time. It is not surprising that projects are repeatedly late or not invested in the budget.
Parkinson's Law.
Parkinson's Law states that the amount of work increases to take up the available time to complete a task. This means that the completion of work before the deadline is never announced. Employees continue to work on improving the task or simply look for another occupation until the deadline comes. In any case, it is recognized that the result of the project is a late completion, so the only way the timeline moves is not.
These two types of behaviors, student syndrome and multi functionality, have one main reason – the lack of clear priorities. Student syndrome happens when you think there's still a lot of time before the assignment date relative to the amount needed to complete, whereas poor versatility is due to improper prioritization until workers stop meeting the deadline.
Why do projects last so long?
We add too much time to the original plan. If a certain amount of time is allocated for work, then it should take only this time.
Our multi functionality resources add unnecessary work (additional structure) to the project.
Because of the student syndrome, a lot of time is wasted, adding more time to the already increased grades.
Parkinson's Law protects us from taking advantage of any favorable changes to the project (completion of the task ahead of schedule).
Implications for project management.
The critical path seeks to avoid or reduce these types of behaviors, so they are not planned in the project. We can overcome intentional prolongation, student syndrome, poor versatility, and Parkinson's law through better management and communication.
The critical path will be significantly reduced if you save time by following these tips. Because of this, projects are guided by the use of the critical chain method by reducing time to work, unlike projects that do not use this approach.
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