Project management as a field of professional activity has several dimensions. The methods, technologies and the entire tool base used in it can be structured in different ways. But the most fundamental, fundamental from the point of view of studying and mastering the entire methodology is structuring by functional areas of project management.
Functional areas are formed depending on the scale of the project, its structure, degree of complexity, etc. In the most general form, they include: the subject area of the project, timing, cost and financing, labor resources, project risks, information and communications, quality, provision of the project with resources and services.
Project domain management (vision management) includes processes to ensure all the necessary activities for the successful implementation of the project. The subject area is determined by the goals, results and activities of the project. Throughout the project life cycle, all components of the subject area may undergo changes (the design of the project may change).
Project time (duration) management is the planning, control, corrective effects, analysis of deadlines and reserves for the implementation of work from the standpoint of timely completion of the project. Time management involves the distribution of project time into successive stages of its implementation and monitoring compliance with the established deadlines.
The basic principles of project cost management lay the foundation for the successful implementation of the project in terms of compliance with restrictions on the use of financial resources. The objectives of a cost management system are to develop policies, procedures and methods to enable cost planning and timely control. Cost management includes project budget monitoring activities, resource planning, cost estimates, cost estimates, cost analysis and regulation, and monitoring compliance with the financing schedule.
Project personnel management is an activity aimed at providing the project with the necessary human resources. This functional area includes organizational planning, project staffing, project team building and team development, as well as the functions of control and motivation of labor resources. The main goal of project personnel management is the most efficient use of human resources involved in the project for its successful completion.
Project quality management includes the management processes necessary to ensure quality assurance of the project itself and its results.
It is customary to distinguish four key aspects of quality:
1. Quality due to the compliance of the project results with market requirements. This aspect of quality is achieved through the effective identification and updating of the needs and expectations of the consumer.
2. The quality of project development and planning is achieved through the thorough study of the project itself and its result. This aspect is defined as the compliance of design solutions with the identified needs and expectations of consumers, on the one hand, and existing technologies, on the other hand.
3. The quality of work on the project is ensured by maintaining the compliance of the project results with its plan and project documentation. This aspect is defined as the correspondence of the quality indicators of work to the specified design solutions.
4. The quality of resource provision is achieved through the use of high-quality resources (raw materials, materials, components, equipment, technologies, etc.) throughout the project cycle. This aspect is defined as the correspondence of resource quality indicators to given design decisions.
Project risk management is an activity aimed at reducing the impact on the project of environmental factors that impede the achievement of its objectives.
Initially, all the most significant risks for the project are identified, then measures are developed to reduce the identified risks and, thus, increase the sustainability of the project as a whole.
Project communications management is an activity aimed at ensuring the collection, processing and timely provision of information necessary for project participants to effectively perform work.
Supply and contract management in a project includes processes aimed at acquiring from the outside the material resources and services necessary to carry out the work of the project.
This functional area of management includes: marketing the market of products and services, planning deliveries and contracts to meet the needs of the project, organizing and preparing contracts, their administration in the process of execution and closing contracts.
When considering the management of individual functional areas of the project, it should not be forgotten that the project is at the same time a single and integral object of management.
Therefore, all project management activities relating to different functional areas should be consistent, taking into account the close relationship and mutual influence of functional areas on each other.
Thus, project management requires a systematic approach focused on revealing the integrity of the object, on identifying various connections in it and reducing them into a single picture.
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